The Spiritual Phenomenology of Unity of Existence (Waḥdat al-wujūd) in "The Cry of a Son over the Death of His Father" painting, Based on Ibn Arabi's point of view

The concept of "wahdat al-wujud"(unity of existence) has long been one of the most contentious issues among Muslim philosophers. Its introduction by Ibn Arabi elicited intense opposition, with accusations of heresy being directed at him. This complex subject, which is not easily translatable into other languages, flourished through Ibn Arabi's efforts in Islamic philosophy and wisdom. From the 7th century AH onward, it was introduced into Persian literature by Qunawi and it assimilated a distinctly Iranian character and grew in prominence and found its way into the works of Mawlānā(Rumi) and Hafez. One of the research challenges explored in the present study is the connection between this contentious concept and traditional arts like Persian painting. The study examines Ibn Arabi's descriptions of manifestations of creation across his works and extends their interpretation to the realm of visual art. Employing a qualitative methodology with a descriptive-analytical approach and utilizing both print and digital sources, this research seeks to uncover the influence of Ibn Arabi's mystical principles specifically his teachings on wahdat al-wujud on Behzad works. In essence, these painters, drawing inspiration from mystical narratives, endeavor to represent and be discovered through their art, striving to attain unity(fana fi Allah). All beings and phenomena reflect one divine reality, and Behzad uses this diversity to emphasize the Creator's unity. Much like the birds in Attar's “Conference of the Birds” discovering their oneness with the Simorgh, Behzad depicts existence's many facets as a quest for God(the Absolute Being) who transcends his art.