Examining the position of individual and collective ethics in proverbs (case of study: prose texts of classical literature)

Paying attention to individual and social ethics is one of the main pillars of educational literature, which has been presented in different ways in literary texts. A part of it includes Persian and Arabic proverbs that are considered in prose and poetry texts. Proverbs can be introduced as a reflection of people's morals, which over the centuries, poets and writers have used them in their works to educate people and praise good morals and condemn bad behavior and character. In this article, in a descriptive way and with a library study, prominent prose texts from the 5th to the 9th century of Hijra have been examined from the perspective of individual and collective ethics. The results of the research show that according to the content of the works, the authors have given importance to the foundation of the family in the society, human relations with their own kind and individual ethics by mentioning Persian and Arabic proverbs. The main themes of the examples are the importance of family foundation, efforts to obtain life capital, friendships in society, kinship and social relationships of people, as well as marriage and respect for marriage, maintaining kinship and friendship and economic prosperity, advice to tell the truth, Forgiveness, like-mindedness, respecting the right of friendship have been recommended, and on the other hand, criticizing people, not being fair in friendship, disrespect and not helping one's fellow man have been condemned.