analyze the discourse of cultural constructivism in Tahmasbi’s Falnama (dispersed and Dresden version) based on the perspectives of Laclau and Mouffe

The current research aims to "analyze the discourse of cultural constructivism in Tahmasbi’s Falnama (dispersed and Dresden version) based on the perspectives of Laclau and Mouffe." It seeks to answer the following questions: How has the cultural discourse governing the art of the Safavid period taken shape, and what meanings has it solidified? What themes have been represented in the illustrations of Tahmasbi’s Falnama as a result of the dominant discourse governing society and culture during the Safavid period?
The research follows a descriptive-analytical methodology with a qualitative approach. After reviewing the literature to understand the discourse and its elements the types and features of cultural constructivist discourse in Tahmasbi's Falnama are elucidated. By observing the effects and categorizing 28 illustrations from of Tahmasbi’sFalnama. The research systematically explores images with themes aligned with the dominant discourse of Safavid society. Subsequently, a new interpretation of selected illustrations is presented based on the theories of Laclau and Mouffe within the framework of cultural constructivism.
The results indicate that the cultural discourse of the Safavid period revolves around the elements of Shiism, guardianship, and the awaited savior, successfully intertwining the discourse of the ruling authority with Shia guardianship and Iranian nationalism, creating a hegemony. This cultural and ideological hegemony facilitates the preservation of the ruling class's control over society through social control. Consequently, in the illustrations of Tahmasbi’s Falnama depicted during this period, the meanings of the dominant discourse are reproduced, reflecting the power relations governing the culture of society and cultural constructivism.