Background of the Use of Theoretical Foundations of the Approach to the Criticism of Archetype in Hafez's Poems and Analysis of Symbolic Character of "pir-e-Moghan" by This Approach

Archetypal criticism seeks to examine all cultural elements that have unconsciously influenced the creation of a literary work, thereby interpreting the literary work—or some of its motifs—in relation to the author's collective unconscious, tracing them back to their archetypal deep structure. This method can be employed to gain a better understanding of the semantic system of Hafez's sonnets and to offer a different interpretation of their symbolic fabric.
Accordingly, this study pursues two main objectives: first, it outlines the theoretical foundations of this approach and presents a proposed model for analyzing Hafez's poetry through this lens; second, as a case study, it selects and analyzes the myth-like character of "Pir-e Moghan" (the Magian Elder) as a symbolic element in Hafez's poetry, attempting to interpret it using this theory.
In this research, the psychological analysis of the symbolic triad—the Elder (Pir), the Cup (Jam), and Wine (Sharāb)—is carried out across the semantic layers of his poetry. In examining the formation of the process of "individuation" within the metaphorical strata of Hafez's verse, it is concluded that the figure of the Magian Elder is a symbolic personality arising from the psychological projection of the "ideal Self" (the perfected human) in his poetry. Within the cycle of individuation in his work, the poet has simulated this inner model of perfection in the unconscious of his own text.